Training
Basic education is nine years, compulsory and free for
anyone between 6 and 15 years. The language of instruction
is Montenegrin. Continuing education is available in three
types: four-year theoretical upper secondary education,
three- to four-year higher vocational education and two- to
three-year practical education. Post-secondary education is
provided at the State University of Crne Gore
(University of Montenegro), established in 1974, and the
private University of Mediteranitet from 2006 and
University of Donja Gorica with degrees since 2010,
all three in the capital Podgorica. In addition, there are a
number of state and private colleges, e.g. business school
and art college in Podgorica and a private tourism college
in Bar. See more information about Montenegro on Digopaul.
The quality of education deteriorated sharply in the
1990s (see also Business and Industry), and then not enough
resources were allocated to strengthen it. In international
comparisons, Montenegrin children have shown poor results.
Since independence in 2003, the program has been implemented
slowly, incrementally and with funds from eg. The World Bank
reform program to adapt the education system to European
standards and improve quality. The compulsory schooling has
been extended and teachers are being trained to come into
contact with modern teaching methods. Textbooks and other
materials are produced to suit all students. Much is also
being done to ensure that vocational training meets the
needs of the labor market. In practice, however, resources
are still lacking, both educated teachers and premises and
materials. It is common for parents to pay for the teaching
materials and that books in minority languages are missing
for the younger children. Low teacher salaries contribute to
corruption. In 2010, it was estimated that 98.4% of adults
were literate. Illiterate people are among those who do not
speak Montenegrin, e.g. among Roma women.
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